Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy (JIRAP) – Lahore UBAS
type: channel
description: The Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy (JIRAP) is an international, biannual, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that has strived to make science widely available so that health sciences can heal, rehabilitate, transform society, and positively impact people's lives. The Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy is committed to applying scientific knowledge and encourages evidence-based practice to improve health and advance human progress. In our issues and online first content, we publish some of the best healing sciences, from the best scientists and therapists worldwide, providing an unparalleled global reach and impact on health. The aim is to improve the implementation of research findings into clinical practice. Aims The Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy is an official Journal of the "Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences”. It is managed, funded, and published by the university. The journal is committed to applying scientific knowledge and encourages evidence-based practice to improve health and advance human progress. In our issues and online first content, we publish some of the best articles, from the best scientists and therapists worldwide, providing an unparalleled global reach and impact on health. A highly cited, multi-disciplinary, international editorial board provides reviews on the issue articles and ensures timely publication of issues. Scope of Journal The Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy published by the Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences follows the whole publication process following HEC guidelines and international standards of research journals. The journal uses an Open Journal System (OJS) for all communications and publication processes to ensure transparency, integrity, and efficiency. This journal aims to be indexed by international indexing agencies including Web of Science and…
publisher: Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences
language: en
publication name: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy (JIRAP) – Lahore UBAS
issn: 3106-020X
copyright: cc BY
items: Fading Promises of Victory and Resurgence of HIV/AIDS in Pakistan: Between Global Progress and Local Vulnerability
items: Efficacy of Blood Flow Restriction in Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs
items: Immunomodulatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Gazania linearis: Correlation with its phytochemical profile
items: Comparison of Transvaginal and Transabdominal Ultrasound for Detection of Fetal Heartbeat During 5–8 Weeks of Gestation in Obese Women
items: A Cross-Sectional Study on Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards Magnesium Supplements Uses Among the Students of UBAS
items: Prevalence of Emotional Eating Among Students of UBAS
items: Vaccine Hesitancy Beyond COVID-19: Lessons for Pakistan’s Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Rollout
items: In-Silico-Driven Identification of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) and Berberine as Novel Candidates to Overcome Salmonella Antibiotic Resistance via acrB and gyrB Inhibition
items: Prescription Pattern of Antihypertensive Medications and Blood Pressure Control Among Hypertensive Patients in Middle Eastern Countries – A Systematic Review
items: Association of Sarcopenia with Balance in the Elderly Population
items: Phytochemical Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
items: Biofilms in the food system: Novel management strategies
items: Forensic DNA phenotyping; Current updates and future prospects
items: DETECTION OF LIVER TUMOR METASTASIS BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY
items: Assessment Of Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity & Nutritional Status of Adolescents Studying in Private Schools of Lahore, Pakistan
items: MOTIVATIONAL APPROACHES USED BY PHYSICAL THERAPIST FORSTROKE REHABILITATION DURING WALK
items: Unraveling Ankylosing Spondylitis From Immunopathogenesis to Modern Treatment Approaches
items: Psychometric Evaluation of the Urdu Version of the Adolescents' Self-Concept Scale
items: Effects of Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Sports Activities on Students’ Results
items: Impact of Laparoscopic Cystectomy on Ovarian Reserve Markers in Women with Endometriosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
items: Revolutionizing Thalassaemia Detection: The Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
items: Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Potential of Euphorbia hirta
items: Pulmonotoxicity assessment in pesticide and insecticide applicators in the vicinity ofLahore.
items: Comparative In-Silico Evaluation of Novel Peptide Analogues and Ceftaroline Against Penicillin-Binding Protein 2A in MRSA
items: Revolutionizing Oral Care: Diclofenac Sodium and Zinc Sulfate-Loaded Lozenges for Targeted Local Delivery for the Management of Oral Ulcers and Soft Tissue Lesions

Fading Promises of Victory and Resurgence of HIV/AIDS in Pakistan: Between Global Progress and Local Vulnerability
type: item
description: N.A.
subject: Editorial Team
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: HIV
  topic: keywords
subject: AIDS
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Local Vulnerability
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Promises
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric Population
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: disciplines
creator: Naeem Mubarak
creator: Muhammad Ahsan Waqar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy (JIRAP) – Lahore UBAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 1
ending page: 2
doi: 10.65406/3.1/1-2/2026

Efficacy of Blood Flow Restriction in Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs
type: item
description: Background: Anterior cruciate ligament repair (ACLR), is a cause of quadriceps weakness and atrophy which may delay rehabilitation and return-to-sports. Blood Flow Restriction training has attracted attention as a possible supplement to accelerate the rate of healing of strength without compromising the integrity of the graft in conjunction with low load resistance training and partial vascular occlusion. Methods: Up until October 2025, a search of the literature was conducted thoroughly in the databases of the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, PEDro and Cochrane Library. Patients, setting and design Included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing BFR-based rehabilitation with traditional therapy for individuals who had undergone ACLR; Two-dimension reviewers used PRISMA 2020 to independently extract data. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool and the PEDro Scale were used for the methodological quality evaluations. RevMan 5.4 was used for quantitative synthesis and effect size was calculated as mean difference (MD) or SMD and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 1926 records were identified and following screening and duplicate removal, 12 RCTs fulfilled the eligibility for inclusion. Sample sizes varied from 17 to 48 participants and the intervention period varied between 4-12 weeks. There was pooled evidence that BFR training led to a significantly greater improvement in quadriceps muscle strength (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.45 - 1.10, p < 0.001) and muscle hypertrophy (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.28 - 0.80, p < 0.01) than conventional rehabilitation. Conclusion: Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) training is a safe and effective adjunctive training method for quadriceps strength, muscle hypertrophy, and functional recovery of patients receiving rehabilitation from ACL reconstruction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: BFR
  topic: keywords
subject: ACLR
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypoxic training
  topic: keywords
subject: KAATSU training
  topic: keywords
subject: Occlusion training
  topic: keywords
subject: Vascular occlusion training (VOT)
  topic: keywords
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: disciplines
subject: Meta-Analysis
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ali Muslim Raza
creator: Jabar Ali
creator: Syeda Nida Fatima
creator: Fahad Tanveer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy (JIRAP) – Lahore UBAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 38
ending page: 46
doi: 10.65406/3.1/38-46/2026

Immunomodulatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Gazania linearis: Correlation with its phytochemical profile
type: item
description: Gazania linearis is an ornamental plant native to South Africa, occasionally cultivated in Pakistan as a garden plant. The phytochemical screening on the plant indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, saponins, flavonoids and tannins. The dichloromethane plant extract (GLWPD) employed highest TPC contents; 273.79±1.32 while methanolic extract (GLWPM) moderately retained TFC contents; 74.11±0.89. The plant extract: GLWPD displayed the promising antimicrobial activity against a bacterial strain named Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 74.50% inhibition and a fungal strain named Microsporum canis with 72.80% inhibition. Both GLWPD and GLWPM extracts showed a significant antioxidant potential against DPPH with 61.07±0.12% and 80.34±2.10% inhibition at IC50 values; 53.10±1.71 and 40.38±2.53µg/mL respectively. GLWPM also indicated a notable immunomodulatory activity in oxidative burst assay with 71.3% ROS inhibition at IC50 value of 22.0±0.3µg/mL after comparison with the standard drug: ibuprofen. From this study, Gazania linearis is proved to have considerable antimicrobial, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties due to the presence of medicinally active secondary metabolites.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Gazania linearis
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytochemical screening
  topic: keywords
subject: antimicrobial activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxidative burst assay
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy & Pharmacology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Samra Zubair
creator: ALFARHANI RAZZAQ RAHI HAMLAN
creator: Muhammad Abuzar Ghaffari1
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy (JIRAP) – Lahore UBAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 32
ending page: 37
doi: 10.65406/3.1/32-37/2026

Comparison of Transvaginal and Transabdominal Ultrasound for Detection of Fetal Heartbeat During 5–8 Weeks of Gestation in Obese Women
type: item
description: Early confirmation of fetal cardiac activity is a critical component of first-trimester prenatal care. Maternal obesity may reduce the diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) due to soft tissue attenuation. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and transabdominal ultrasound in detecting fetal heartbeat during 5–8 weeks of gestation in obese women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 71 obese pregnant women between 5–8 weeks of gestation at a diagnostic center in Kot Addu. All participants underwent both TAUS and TVUS examinations. Fetal heart rate (FHR), gestational sac visualization, and crown-rump length (CRL) were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS, including descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, chi-square, and t-tests. Results: TVUS demonstrated a higher mean detection rate (M = 1.82, variance = 0.152) compared to TAUS (M = 1.56, variance = 0.249). Normal fetal heart rate was observed in 67.6% of cases, while 23.9% showed no detectable heartbeat. TAUS failed to detect fetal cardiac activity in 56.3% of cases. A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.299) was found between gestational age and fetal visualization. Statistical analysis confirmed significant associations between fetal observation levels and ultrasound modality (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Transvaginal ultrasound is significantly more reliable than transabdominal ultrasound for detecting fetal heartbeat during early gestation in obese women. TVUS should be considered the preferred imaging modality in this population to improve early pregnancy assessment accuracy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: fetal heartbeat
  topic: keywords
subject: early pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: first trimester
  topic: keywords
subject: transvaginal ultrasound
  topic: keywords
subject: transabdominal ultrasound
  topic: keywords
subject: fetal heart rate
  topic: keywords
subject: Allied Health Sciences
  topic: disciplines
creator: Suhab zahra Buzdar baloch
creator: Imran Khursheed Khursheed Ahmad
creator: Usama Faheem Dr. Faheem Chisti
creator: Saira Aziz Abdul Aziz
creator: Ali Arbaz Zafar Iqbal
creator: Saima Khursheed Khursheed Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy (JIRAP) – Lahore UBAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 47
ending page: 54
doi: 10.65406/3.1/47-54/2026

A Cross-Sectional Study on Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards Magnesium Supplements Uses Among the Students of UBAS
type: item
description: Abstract Background: Magnesium is an important mineral which is crucial for maintaining and promoting human health. There is insufficient data on its function in maintaining cardiovascular, muscular, and bone health. Magnesium supplements have drawn attention lately because of their purported ability to reduce muscular spasms and enhance the quality of sleep. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding magnesium supplements uses among university students. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 175 undergraduate students at UBAS. A standard questionnaire was used for data collection. All the data variables were analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 26. Results: Among participants (52.0%) had poor knowledge. While (48%) had moderate knowledge. A moderate to positive attitude was observed in (58%) of students. Poor practices were reported by (60%) of the respondents, and only (40%) followed good practices. Conclusion: The findings suggest that students had poor knowledge. Although, more than half of the respondents had positive attitudes but their practices regarding magnesium supplements were poor. Professional guidance should be given to the students to encourage the safe use of Magnesium supplements among students. Keywords: Magnesium supplements, Bone Health, Hypomagnesemia, University students, Cross sectional study
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Magnesium supplements
  topic: keywords
subject: Bone Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypomagnesemia
  topic: keywords
subject: University students
  topic: keywords
subject: Food and Nutrition
  topic: disciplines
creator: Syed Muneeb Ul Hussnain Gilani
creator: Kainat Kashif
creator: Majida Umar Nasib
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy (JIRAP) – Lahore UBAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 9
ending page: 13
doi: 10.65406/3.1/9-13/2026

Prevalence of Emotional Eating Among Students of UBAS
type: item
description: Abstract Background Emotional eating is one of the main contributors to the emergence of many Global Public Health Challenges. External and Internal social and environmental stimuli sometimes fascinate and encourage individuals to eat more unhealthily. Objective The current study aims to determine the prevalence of emotional eating among a private medical university. Methods A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted by using a validated questionnaire. A sample size of 175 students from the private university was taken. The Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EEQ) was utilized for data collection purposes. SPSS version 26 is utilized for the statistical analysis of the data. Results Emotional eating was most common among students aged 22 years. Males (54.34%) showed a higher prevalence of emotional eating than females (48.06%). A significant association was observed between the variables emotional eating and BMI (p=0.05), with a higher prevalence among overweight students. Conclusion The key findings of the current study demonstrated that emotional eating is very common among university students influenced by stress, academic pressure, and daily habits.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Emotional eating,
  topic: keywords
subject: Eating habits
  topic: keywords
subject: Eating disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Overeating, Prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Food and Nutrition
  topic: disciplines
creator: Areeba Maryam
creator: Majida Umar Nasib
creator: Sidra Javed
creator: Ayesha Amjad
creator: Ayesha Atif
creator: Abdul Rehman
creator: Fatima Wajid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy (JIRAP) – Lahore UBAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 16
ending page: 23
doi: 10.65406/3.1/16-23/2026

Vaccine Hesitancy Beyond COVID-19: Lessons for Pakistan’s Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Rollout
type: item
description: N.A.
subject: Editorial Team
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Pharmacy Practice
  topic: disciplines
creator: Naeem Mubarak
creator: Fatima Rahman Rana
creator: Momina Areej Mughal
creator: Muhammad Ahsan Waqar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 3
doi: 10.65406/2.2/1-2/2025

In-Silico-Driven Identification of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) and Berberine as Novel Candidates to Overcome Salmonella Antibiotic Resistance via acrB and gyrB Inhibition
type: item
description: Salmonellosis is a common bacterial infection caused by Salmonella species, primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract. It is a major foodborne illness typically transmitted through contaminated water or food. Most Salmonella infections are self-limiting, and in severe cases, antibiotics become necessary. However, the problem is that Salmonella has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics due to several factors (misuse and overuse of antibiotics, horizontal gene transfer (HGT), efflux pumps, and mutation in target sites). Therefore, antibiotic resistance in Salmonella is a growing health concern, making infection harder to treat and increasing mobility and mortality rates. These drastic outcomes have led to the urgent discovery of alternative and highly targeted therapeutic drugs. Key targets, such as Efflux pump and DNA gyrase, help in overcoming Multidrug Resistance (MDR) in Salmonella, as they play a crucial role in antibiotic expulsion and bacterial DNA replication. A library of natural inhibitors was selected and assessed for their drug-likeness. Structural Validation and Refinement of both targeted proteins were conducted using ERRAT and PROCHECK, ensuring high-quality models for further interaction. The binding affinities of complex molecules and the dynamic behaviour of ligands with the active sites of acrB and gyrB over time were predicted using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Protox-3 evaluated the toxicity level of selected drugs. Strong binding affinities of EGCG and berberine with receptor proteins and their pharmacophore properties, highlighting them as novel therapeutic agents against the antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
creator: Naima Mukhtar
creator: Maaz Ahmad
creator: Umme Hani Mustafa
creator: Abeera Iftikhar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 41
ending page: 55
doi: 10.65406/1.1/41-55/2024

Prescription Pattern of Antihypertensive Medications and Blood Pressure Control Among Hypertensive Patients in Middle Eastern Countries – A Systematic Review
type: item
description: 1.1) Background The prevalence of hypertension all over the world is high, especially among adults. An estimated one-half of the half population which have hypertension do not use medication for the treatment of hypertension there it may cause fatal and have high mortality rate, so by knowing the prescription patterns of hypertension drugs we can evaluate and optimize the adherence to drugs. 1.2) Objective The review aimed to evaluate the prescribing patterns of antihypertensive drugs in the Middle East and their adherence to guidelines. 1.3) Results The study analyzed 22 articles published between 2003 and 2023, which included a total of 378,101 prescriptions. The results showed that the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs were angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), followed by beta-blockers (BBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The study also found that the use of combination therapy was common in the Middle East, with ACEIs/ARBs and ACEIs/CCBs being the most frequently used combination. The review concluded that the prescribing patterns of antihypertensive drugs in the Middle East were generally consistent with international guidelines such as NICE guidelines. However, there was still room for improvement in terms of adherence to guidelines and the use of combination therapy. 1.4) Conclusion This systematic review provided an overview of the prescribing patterns of antihypertensive drugs in Middle Eastern countries and the conformity of prescribing antihypertensive drugs according to guidelines. This review concluded that there are areas for the advancement of prescribing practices of antihypertensive drugs in concordance with the latest clinical practice guidelines. To strengthen and assist in prescribing antihypertensive drugs, interventions must be designed and executed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Prescription pattern of antihypertensives
  topic: keywords
subject: Blood pressure control
  topic: keywords
subject: Prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs
  topic: keywords
subject: Antihypertensive medications
  topic: keywords
subject: Blood pressure control in hypertensive patients
  topic: keywords
subject: Prescription pattern of antihypertensives in middle eastern countries
  topic: keywords
subject: Blood pressure control among hypertensive patients in middle eastern countries
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamza Farooq Hamza
creator: Zain-Ul-Abadeen Zain
creator: Muhammad Anas Aamir Anas
creator: Hafiz Muhammad Maaz Maaz
creator: Seerat Fatima Seerat
creator: Muskan Irfan Muskan
creator: Rabia Mahmood Rabia
creator: Amina Qumar Amina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 55
ending page: 70
doi: 10.65406/2.1/55-70/2025

Association of Sarcopenia with Balance in the Elderly Population
type: item
description: Background: Background: Sarcopenia is a common illness among the elderly that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. It was described as a decline in muscle strength and mass associated with ageing. Sarcopenia in older adults has significant effects on everyday functioning, quality of life and balance. Mortality, diminished capacity to handle the stress of a serious illness, and disability are all influenced by sarcopenia. Objective: To evaluate the association of sarcopenia with balance in the elderly population. Methods: This study was carried out in the Central Park Teaching Hospital and Iffat Anwar Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, with consent from the University of Management and Technology's research ethics and support committee. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from June to August 2024. Data was collected through non-probability convenience sampling. The sample size was 187, as calculated by the WHO calculator. Eligibility criteria mandated an age group between 65 and 85 years, both males and females, proper cognitive and understanding abilities, people who can walk independently, and a score of >18 according to the Barthel Index scale. Individuals with dementia, any recent surgery or surgery in the last one-year, impaired cognition, mini mental scale below 24 were excluded. The data was collected by using the Berg Balance Scale and Sarcopenic Questionnaire. Before using a questionnaire to collect data, informed consent was obtained. The participant has the freedom to decline participation at any point during the study. The sarcopenic questionnaire was used to measure the degree of sarcopenia during data collection, while the Berg balance scale was used to assess balance in participants. Results: There is a strong association between sarcopenia and balance, and the p-value is less than 0.05. The mean Berg balance scale value is 45.32% among the participants. Conclusion: Participants with sarcopenia showed a positive associa…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: balance
  topic: keywords
subject: elderly population
  topic: keywords
subject: risk of fall
  topic: keywords
subject: sarcopenia
  topic: keywords
creator: Khadija Abbas
creator: Zainab Hassan
creator: Syeda Myra Gillani
creator: Iqra Abid
creator: Akasha Jan
creator: Benish Jabbar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.65406/1.1/1-5/2024

Phytochemical Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
type: item
description: Phosphodiesterase (PDEs), a superfamily of enzymes, catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides, specifically guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) thereby playing a critical role in the precise intracellular signaling cascades regulation and consequently, cellular function. The identification of 11 distinct PDE isoenzyme families, each exhibiting unique substrate specificities, tissue distributions, and regulatory mechanisms, has significantly advanced our understanding of their physiological and pathophysiological roles at the cellular and molecular levels. This increased knowledge has facilitated the way for the emergence of highly selective PDE isoenzyme inhibitors, offering promising therapeutic avenues for a wide range of diseases. PDE inhibitors include many pharmacological agents and they are widely used due to their many pharmacological effects like pleiotropic, vasodilator, cardio tonic, smooth muscle relaxant, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and cognitive-enhancing properties. On clinical side, PDE inhibitors have validated efficacy in the management of various conditions, including erectile dysfunction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary arterial hypertension and Alzheimer's disease. Most importantly, with the advancements of indications, states that vast variety of pharmacologically active phytochemicals derived from various plants produce PDE inhibitory activity. All these pharmacologically active phytochemicals belong to the classes of alkaloids, glycosides, phenols and flavonoids which signify a rich reservoir of potential therapeutic agents. This review provides a comprehensive summary of documented phytochemicals which are involved in inhibitory activity of PDE and their diverse roles in the management of specific diseases, emphasizing that various phytochemicals are potential source of PDE inhibition.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytochemicals
  topic: keywords
subject: Cyclic nucleotides
  topic: keywords
subject: Vasodilator
  topic: keywords
subject: Diseases
  topic: keywords
creator: Rabia Mahmood
creator: Syeda Mahanoor
creator: Amina Qumar
creator: Alamgheer Yuchi
creator: Hamza Farooq Mughal
creator: Iqra Mahmood
creator: Man Zhu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 30
ending page: 40
doi: 10.65406/1.1/30-40/2024

Biofilms in the food system: Novel management strategies
type: item
description: Biofilms are shielding extracellular matrix constituting glycoprotein and polysaccharides created by microorganisms in order to sustain through hostile environment. In food systems due to inadequate sanitary operations food residues accumulate and provide nutrition and harborage to microorganisms, resulting in biofilm formation. These biofilms provide ideal growth environment that support cellular communication and genetic transferal. These characteristics under controlled conditions make biofilms auspicious for biomass production. This review is primarily focused on biofilm prevention and obstruction techniques for food systems including use cell-signaling inhibition strategies, non-thermal plasma treatments and photocatalysis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
creator: Zaryab Ali
creator: Muhammad Zuhair
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 19
ending page: 29
doi: 10.65406/1.1/19-29/2024

Forensic DNA phenotyping; Current updates and future prospects
type: item
description: Forensic DNA phenotyping refers to the prediction of externally visible characteristics such as hair, eye and skin color from the DNA source collected from the scene of crime. Unknown suspects can be traced with the help of this technique employing the ‘biological witness’. Traditional forensic methods exercise short tandem repeats (STRs) approaches to connect the offender with crime. However, proceedings of a forensic case may be delayed if there is a mismatch (anonymous offender) or lack of database hits, and it becomes arduous for a forensic lab to make the suspect pool narrower. A plenty of research has been done on alternative methods to apprehend the suspect. FDP deploying various powerful techniques for prediction of phenotype from the genotype has gained an excessive attention in past few years. Till now, many genetic markers have been identified and validated for skin color, hair color, eye color, facial features, age estimation etc. and many more to be added in the existing databases to make the effectualness of this technique more reliable. This review examines the current updates and future prospects of this project. Given the robustness of modern technologies, FDP has exceptional flair to meet the standards of forensic investigations and identifications Key Words: Forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP), Externally visible characteristics (EVCs), Genetic markers, Short tandem repeats (STRs), Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Suspect identification.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Forensic DNA phenotyping
  topic: keywords
subject: Externally visible characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic markers
  topic: keywords
subject: Short tandem repeats
  topic: keywords
subject: Single nucleotide polymorphisms
  topic: keywords
subject: criminal identification
  topic: keywords
creator: Ambreen Abbas
creator: Safdar Hussain
creator: Maryam Saleem
creator: Manzoor Hussain
creator: Tayyaba Saleem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 29
ending page: 42
doi: 10.65406/2.1/29-42/2025

DETECTION OF LIVER TUMOR METASTASIS BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY
type: item
description: Research Objective: The purpose of this study is to detect liver tumors by ultrasound and to diagnose liver tumor metastasis areas using Doppler ultrasound. Methodology: The study was conducted on 100 normal patients who was suffering from liver disease. Data collected from DHQ (district head quarter hospital) Faisalabad and National hospital Faisalabad. The Doppler study of hepatic region to diagnosis the liver tumors and detected the metastasis. Inclusive and exclusive criteria was used according to age group. Good resolution linear array probe (5-15MHZ) was used to design this studies. Three mannerswasutilized: B-mode gray imaging, color Doppler flow, and duplex imaging. Results: The mean frequency of the patients was on the basis of gender, There was a 100 patients in total, including 55% male and 45% female patients. During study we had outdoor patients 45% and 55% indoor patients. The indoor patients were 55% which effected by liver disease. Fever patients were 84.0%. For the cause, most patients was affected by the virus, alcohol abuse, fatty liver, and smoking. The affected of liver texture by homogenous patients was 52.0% and heterogeneous patients was 48.0% are the diagnosis findings. Hypertrophy of normal size patients were 68.0% and affected patients were 32.0%. Mostly patients had acuities 31% by diagnosis findings of reports of Doppler ultra-sonogram. Liver metastases appearances were present in 13(13%) patients and 87(87%) were not affected by the tumor. Conclusion: As the ultrasonographic findings were diagnosis the liver tumor metastasis and these sonograms showed the liver right lobe was highly affected. According to this study, the ultrasonography was not giving clear results of metastatic patients; it can be used to diagnosis for initial stages of tumors. Most patients had other diseases of the liver.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Liver tumors
  topic: keywords
subject: liver metastasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Doppler ultrasonography
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Umaima Faizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 12
ending page: 28
doi: 10.65406/2.1/12-28/2025

Assessment Of Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity & Nutritional Status of Adolescents Studying in Private Schools of Lahore, Pakistan
type: item
description: Introduction: Adolescence is the phase of life between the ages of 10 and 19. Food habits established during adolescence remain stable throughout life, affecting nutritional status and health. An estimated 80% of adolescents have multiple risk factors related to diet, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. Objective: This study was carried out to assess the dietary patterns, physical activity and nutritional status of adolescents studying in private schools of Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 400 adolescents studying in private schools of Lahore, Pakistan and data was collected through a self-structured questionnaire, composed of three parts (personal information, dietary history & physical activity patterns). For BMI calculation, height and weight were measured. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 23. Results: The study indicates that 58.3% of adolescents had a normal BMI, 27.5% were underweight, 10.5 % were overweight, and 3.8% were obese. From all the individuals 65.0% skipped meals whereas only 47.3% consumed breakfast regularly. Moreover, consuming snacks per day (64.0%) and eating junk food once per week (73.8%) was common among adolescents. Furthermore, 23.3% of adolescents engaged in low levels of physical activity, 65.0% in moderate levels, and only 11.8% had high physical activity levels. Conclusion: Approximately half of the adolescents studying in private schools of Lahore had a normal nutritional status however the other half were malnourished. More than 50% of the adolescents skipped breakfast daily, ate junk food once a week and followed a lifestyle consisting of low-moderate physical activity. Therefore, to reduce the double burden of malnutrition, it is necessary to spread awareness and educate adolescents and the community about healthy dietary and lifestyle practices. KEYWORDS: Adolescents; Nutritional Status; Dietary Patterns; Physical Activity; Pakistan
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Adolescents
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutritional Status
  topic: keywords
subject: Dietary Patterns
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Activity
  topic: keywords
creator: Usfa Butt
creator: Farkhanda Hina
creator: Habiba Naeem
creator: Eesha Abid
creator: Alishba Amer
creator: Ansa Bashir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.65406/2.1/1-11/2025

MOTIVATIONAL APPROACHES USED BY PHYSICAL THERAPIST FORSTROKE REHABILITATION DURING WALK
type: item
description: INTRODUCTION: It is believed that incorporating motivational tactics into a rehabilitation program can increase patient adherence and improve results. OBJECTIVE: This study helps practitioners to use different motivational approaches for individuals in stroke rehabilitation. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using a web survey. RESULTS: Participants with more clinical experience use more motivational approaches to motivate and enhance the rehabilitation. Some participants reported that they used the approaches based upon the condition of their patients. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation specialists may be able to make the most use of the motivating strategies. Moreover this study can help the novice practitioners to use motivational approaches during rehabilitation program. KEY TERMS: Motivational approaches, Physical therapists, Rehabilitation, Walk.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Motivational approaches
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical therapists
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Walk
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Absaar Khan
creator: Umber Nawaz
creator: Hafiz Muhammad Asim
creator: Nabeela Safdar
creator: Ayesha Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 43
ending page: 54
doi: 10.65406/2.1/43-54/2025

Unraveling Ankylosing Spondylitis From Immunopathogenesis to Modern Treatment Approaches
type: item
description: Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease that primarily affects the axial skeleton, resulting in back pain and progressive stiffness. The purpose of this study is to provide an integrated observation in the form of pathophysiology, clinical criteria, and available medical methods. Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility, mainly HLA-B27, are an intricate interaction in AS Etiology. Increased knowledge about immunopathogenesis has added the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and TNF-α in the devastating course of the disease. Early diagnosis is indicated but immensely challenging, as the onset is gradual and presenting symptoms are futile. MRI and other radiographic imaging, along with genetic workup and biomarkers, are of most significance in initial identification. With advances in biological therapies with the potential to block various inflammatory cascades, there is hope of improved outcomes and quality of life in patients. Non-pharmacological management in the guise of physiotherapy and lifestyle modification continues to be an integral part of the comprehensive management plan. The review also references the necessity of utilizing a multidisciplinary approach in optimizing patient outcomes in the context of recent advances in the etiology and treatment of AS.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Axial spondyloarthritis
  topic: keywords
subject: HLA-B27
  topic: keywords
subject: Biological therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Targeted therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Immunopathogenesis
  topic: keywords
subject: pro-inflammatory cytokines
  topic: keywords
creator: Asif shahzad
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-30
publication date: 2025-07-30
starting page: 6
ending page: 18
doi: 10.65406/1.1/6-18/2024

Psychometric Evaluation of the Urdu Version of the Adolescents' Self-Concept Scale
type: item
description: Objective: The current research also sought to translate, culturally adapt, and psychometrically test the Adolescent Self-Concept Scale (ASCS) into Urdu-speaking adolescents of Pakistan. The paper has investigated the linguistic equivalence of the scale, internal consistency, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the scale to determine its appropriateness to the research and clinical application. Methods: The validation design was a methodological cross-sectional one. The Urdu version of the ASCS was developed by the normal forward-backward translation process. The Urdu version was filled in by a sample of 300 adolescents (between 13 and 19 years) who were recruited in both the public and the private educational institutions. To determine linguistic equivalence, a bilingual subsample (n=100) was used to fill both the original English and Urdu version after one week. Cronbach's alpha was used to test internal consistency, and split-half reliability and the test-retest reliability were calculated to test both the temporal and internal stability. The convergent validity was tested on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Results: It provided the linguistic equivalence between the English and Urdu versions that were strong with a correlation between -.79 and -.874 (p <.01). Both the Urdu ASCS and subscales had internal consistency varying between .87 and .90 which indicates great reliability. Split-half reliability coefficients were between .68 and .84, test-retest reliability was between.86 and.90, and this confirms the high scale stability. The positive correlations with the RSES (r =.43-50, p <.01) were significant enough to determine satisfactory convergent validity. Conclusion: The Urdu version of the ASCS has good psychometric qualities such as reliability, stability and construct validity. It is a technically sound and culturally appropriate measure of self-concept in the adolescents of the Urdu language. As a validated tool…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Psychometric validation
  topic: keywords
subject: reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: construct validity
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic
  topic: keywords
subject: scale adaptation
  topic: keywords
creator: ghinasha chuhdary
creator: Momina Nayyer
creator: Urooj Sadiq
creator: Almeera Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy (JIRAP) – Lahore UBAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 3
ending page: 8
doi: 10.65406/3.1/3-8/2026

Effects of Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Sports Activities on Students’ Results
type: item
description: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of elementary school teachers’ job satisfaction and sports activities on students’ academic results at the elementary level. A survey design was employed, and data were collected from 186 elementary school teachers using a structured questionnaire. A rating scale was used to measure teachers’ job satisfaction, students’ involvement in sports activities, and students’ academic results. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used to manage and analyze the data. The findings indicated that gender had no significant effect on students’ academic performance. Teachers with higher qualifications were associated with better student academic results. Teachers’ age and teaching experience showed a significant association with both teachers’ job satisfaction and students’ academic results. Additionally, students’ involvement in sports activities was associated with improved academic performance. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers’ qualifications and students’ participation in sports activities be given due consideration by government educational authorities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Job satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports activities
  topic: keywords
subject: School teachers
  topic: keywords
subject: Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Activities
  topic: disciplines
subject: Exercises
  topic: disciplines
creator: Asma Sharif
creator: Khalid Rashid
creator: Muhammad Tariq Rafiq
creator: Sajjad Ali Gill
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy (JIRAP) – Lahore UBAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 24
ending page: 31
doi: 10.65406/3.1/24-31/2026

Impact of Laparoscopic Cystectomy on Ovarian Reserve Markers in Women with Endometriosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
type: item
description: Background: Laparoscopic cystectomy is a common treatment for endometriomas, but its its impact on ovarian reserve is still debated. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of laparoscopic cystectomy on markers of ovarian reserve in women with endometriosis. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE databases were searched for relevant studies published from 2000 to 2024. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing pre- and post-operative levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in women undergoing laparoscopic cystectomy for endometriomas were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed. Results: Seventeen studies (12 cohorts and 5 RCTs) involving 2,415 patients were included. Laparoscopic cystectomy was associated with significant decreases in AMH levels (mean difference: -1.01 ng/mL, 95% CI: -1.30 to -0.73) and AFC (mean difference: -1.01, 95% CI: -1.83 to -0.20) compared to controls. FSH levels increased post-operatively (mean difference: 1.71 mIU/mL, 95% CI: -0.01 to 3.42). Heterogeneity across studies was high (I² = 88-97%). Conclusion: This meta-analysis found that laparoscopic cystectomy for endometriomas is associated with a significant decline in ovarian reserve markers, particularly AMH and AFC. Clinicians should consider these potential effects when counselling patients on the surgical management of endometriomas, especially in women desiring future fertility. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term impact on reproductive outcomes. Keywords: ovarian reserve, laparoscopic cystectomy, endometriosis, infertile women
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: ovarian reserve
  topic: keywords
subject: laparoscopic cystectomy
  topic: keywords
subject: endometriosis
  topic: keywords
subject: infertile women
  topic: keywords
subject: anti-Müllerian hormone
  topic: keywords
subject: follicle-stimulating hormone
  topic: keywords
creator: Mehnaz Raees
creator: Shehzadi Saima Hussain
creator: Laila Zeb
creator: Abdullah Faisal
creator: Muhammad Hamid Syed
creator: Shahan Ullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy (JIRAP) – Lahore UBAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 55
ending page: 69
doi: 10.65406/3.1/55-69/2026

Revolutionizing Thalassaemia Detection: The Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
type: item
description: Thalassaemia is a serious anaemia disease caused by genes, which results in serious health and economic problems in the entire globe, particularly in those areas with restricted access to health care. Thalassaemia and iron deficiency anemia are clinically similar as they have similar hematological characteristics. Conventional diagnostic tools comprising of molecular test, conventional index and complete blood count (CBC) parameters may provide pertinent information but are not always available, are not affordable and take a long turnaround time. Over the last few decades, the field of medicine diagnostics has encountered a disruptive technology in the form of Artificial Intelligence (AI) since it is both cheap and quick and incredibly precise in treatment. The artificial intelligence (AI) like Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, and Neural Networks can be able to determine the traits of thalassaemia using the normal hematological data. Additional methods to be proven to be more dependable in diagnosis, like deep learning and sophisticated algorithms, like XGBoost and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) can be further tested to introduce additional reliability in a diagnosis. It has also been found in comparative studies that AI-based models tend to be more sensitive and specific than standard indices, this is the reason that these technologies are currently being utilized as genetic counseling and screening tools. Nevertheless, problems of data quality, bias of the model, and considerations of ethics persist. Nevertheless, AI can serve as an important supportive resource in the early diagnosis, accurate differentiation, and better management of thalassaemia in low resource healthcare facilities despite the challenges. The combination of AI and molecular testing is bright in terms of global thalassaemia control and individualized medication.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Thalassaemia
  topic: keywords
subject: iron deficiency anaemia
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: β globin chain
  topic: keywords
creator: syedanayab bukhari
creator: hafsa hafsa
creator: Nishat Arshad Nishat Arshad
creator: Alvia Batool Alvia Batool
creator: Ayesha Aftab Ayesha Aftab
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
starting page: 4
ending page: 16
doi: 10.65406/2.2/4-16/2025

Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Potential of Euphorbia hirta
type: item
description: Introduction: For many years, African countries have employed the genus "Euphorbia" to cure a variety of diseases. In South Africa and tropical America, Euphorbia hirta was specifically used to cure inflammatory illnesses and sold as a crude medication to treat diabetes, bronchitis, asthma, wound healing, and pregnancy problems. As a result, the current study sought to explore the existence of phytochemicals, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity in methanol extract and its different fractions of Euphorbia hirta leaves. Methodology and results: Standard chemical tests were used for phytochemical screening. Phenols, saponins, steroids and flavonoids were validated by phytochemical testing of n-hexane, methanol, aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of Euphorbia hirta (EH) leaves. The methanol fraction's maximal phenolic content was 89.2±2.5. At a concentration of 100 μg/ml, Antioxidant activity was assessed by using DPPH assay, the methanol fractions exhibit the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, inhibiting 84.7% of free radicals. In vitro antidiabetic activity was assessed by D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphorylase assay. The methanol fraction shows antidiabetic activity at 100 µM, by 59.1% inhibiting of the glucose-6-phosphatase enzymatic activity. Conclusion: Our findings verified the traditional usage of Euphorbia hirta plants to cure a variety of ailments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Euphorbia hirta (EH)
  topic: keywords
subject: phytochemical analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Antidiabetic activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant activity
  topic: keywords
creator: Zainab Waheed
creator: Fatima Kazmi
creator: Muhammad Abuzar Ghaffari
creator: Faiza Azhar
creator: Iqra Noor Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
starting page: 39
ending page: 44
doi: 10.65406/2.2/39-44/2025

Pulmonotoxicity assessment in pesticide and insecticide applicators in the vicinity ofLahore.
type: item
description: UN-protective work practices followed by insecticide and pesticide applicators during application results to pesticide exposure among worker. The aim of this study is formulated to explore the pulmonary health of labor occupationally UN-protected to insecticides. In study include the health impact of sprays practices and PPE usage among labor,duration & timimg in mediating respiratory health problems, and studies investigating the link between exposure and risk of lung diseases. A cross-sectional study compared insecticide and pesticide applicators (n= 100) working in urban in the vicinity of Lahore with controls (n=50). The assessment of lung functions and questionnaire-based survey on lung health was conducted among study individuals. Results showed the symptoms for a lung disease like a cough without sputum, cough with sputum, irritation of the throat & wheezing were found to be greater (P ≤ 0.05) among insecticide applicator than controls. Pulmonary Function tests standards like. PER, FVC,FEV1/FVC & FEV were found to be remarkably decreased (P ≤ 0.05) among labor in comparison to controls. It is concluded from the study that unsafe occupational exposure to pesticides and insecticide causes lung illness, significant decreasing of lung functions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
creator: Dr. Faraz Rashid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
starting page: 33
ending page: 38
doi: 10.65406/2.2/33-38/2025

Comparative In-Silico Evaluation of Novel Peptide Analogues and Ceftaroline Against Penicillin-Binding Protein 2A in MRSA
type: item
description: Staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to 2-lactam is a major health problem in the world and is likely to be a cause of various complications around the globe. This resistance mainly occurs through penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) which has low affinity to the conventional antibiotics. Even though Ceftaroline has been found to be effective against MRSA, its usefulness is confined by the emergence of PBP2a mutations. The objective of this research was to examine the thesis of whether HH2 and HG4 novel analog peptides exhibit an increased binding affinity to PBP 2a relative to Ceftaroline.PBP2a protein sequence was retrieved and sequence alignment carried out against four clusters of PBP2 to determine the conserved regions. To achieve the correct modeling, physiochemical characterization, secondary and tertiary structure prediction of PBP2a were done. Molecular docking studies were then done to evaluate and compare the binding of Ceftaroline, HH2 and HG4 to the PBP2a active site.The obtained results of molecular docking demonstrated that Ceftaroline was associated with the PBP2a active site with a higher binding affinity and more stable interactions compared to the analog peptides HH2 and HG4. Interactions between the binding energies and essential hydrogen bonding proved that Ceftaroline is high in stability, in the binding pocket.Ceftaroline had a greater binding affinity and molecular interactions with PBP2a than HH2 and HG4. These results indicate that, although there are still resistance problems, Ceftaroline is a better therapeutic choice in MRSA infection compared to the novel analog peptides trying to be tested. The new research must be directed at structural optimization of peptide analogs in order to increase their binding capacity and counteract new resistance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Staphylococcus aureus
  topic: keywords
subject: MRSA
  topic: keywords
subject: PBP2a
  topic: keywords
subject: Ceftaroline, Antimicrobial peptides
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular docking
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmad Raza
creator: Warda Ahmed
creator: Muhammad Rashid Mehmood
creator: Faqiha Tayyeb
creator: Syeda Maria Ali
creator: Syeda Haniya Jamal
creator: Ruqia Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
starting page: 17
ending page: 24
doi: 10.65406/2.2/17-24/2025

Revolutionizing Oral Care: Diclofenac Sodium and Zinc Sulfate-Loaded Lozenges for Targeted Local Delivery for the Management of Oral Ulcers and Soft Tissue Lesions
type: item
description: Soft lozenges were developed as distinctive localized drug delivery system for managing oral ulcers along with soft tissue lesions. Prepared formulations incorporated drugs including diclofenac sodium for analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, zinc sulfate for epithelial repair and menthol for soothing action in buccal cavity. Lozenges were prepared with methyl cellulose and PEG 6000 through molding technique. Comprehensive characterization included FTIR analysis, physicochemical evaluation such as hardness, surface pH, weight variation, friability and in vitro dissolution studies. First-order release kinetics with Fickian diffusion was revealed through drug release kinetics evaluation whereas FTIR study validated absence of interactions. These findings suggest that these lozenges offer a patient-friendly effective approach for localized oral therapy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journal
  topic: category
subject: Oral ulcers
  topic: keywords
subject: Soft tissue lesions
  topic: keywords
subject: Localized drug delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Diclofenac sodium
  topic: keywords
subject: Zinc sulphate
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain management
  topic: keywords
subject: Wound healing
  topic: keywords
creator: Saba Naeem
creator: Saima Tariq
creator: Bisma Niaz
creator: Ayesha Nawaz
creator: Adnan Malik
creator: Afshan Shakoor
creator: Waleed Rafique
creator: Fatima Kazmi
creator: Asad Majeed Khan
creator: Mahnoor Shafique
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-22
publication date: 2026-01-22
starting page: 25
ending page: 32
doi: 10.65406/2.2/25-32/2025