Pulmonotoxicity assessment in pesticide and insecticide applicators in the vicinity ofLahore.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65406/2.2/33-38/2025Abstract
UN-protective work practices followed by insecticide and pesticide applicators during application results to pesticide exposure among worker. The aim of this study is formulated to explore the pulmonary health of labor occupationally UN-protected to insecticides. In study include the health impact of sprays practices and PPE usage among labor,duration & timimg in mediating respiratory health problems, and studies investigating the link between exposure and risk of lung diseases. A cross-sectional study compared insecticide and pesticide applicators (n= 100) working in urban in the vicinity of Lahore with controls (n=50). The assessment of lung functions and questionnaire-based survey on lung health was conducted among study individuals. Results showed the symptoms for a lung disease like a cough without sputum, cough with sputum, irritation of the throat & wheezing were found to be greater (P ≤ 0.05) among insecticide applicator than controls. Pulmonary Function tests standards like. PER, FVC,FEV1/FVC & FEV were found to be remarkably decreased (P ≤ 0.05) among labor in comparison to controls. It is concluded from the study that unsafe occupational exposure to pesticides and insecticide causes lung illness, significant decreasing of lung functions.
References
1. Bayhan, İ., Yeşilnacar, M. İ., Akgün, M., & Arbak, P. (2018). Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary functions before and after pesticide application in cotton farming. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 25(4), 701 707.
2. Bruce-Vanderpuije, P., Megson, D., Reiner, E. J., Bradley, L., Adu-Kumi, S., & Gardella Jr, J. A. (2018). The state of POPs in Ghana-A review on persistent organic pollutants: Environmental and human exposure. Environmental pollution.
3. Cha, E. S., Lee, Y. K., Moon, E. K., Kim, Y. B., Lee, Y. J., Jeong, W. C., ... & Lee, W. J. (2012). Paraquat application and respiratory health effects among South Korean farmers. Occup Environ Med, 69(6), 398-403.
4. De Jong, K., Marike Boezen, H., Kromhout, H., Vermeulen, R., Vonk, J. M., Postma, D. S., & LifeLines Cohort Study. (2014). Occupational exposure to vapors, gases, dust, and fumes is associated with small airways obstruction. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 189(4), 487-490.
5. Fareed, M., Pathak, M. K., Bihari, V., Kamal, R., Srivastava, A. K., & Kesavachandran, C. N. (2013). Adverse respiratory health and hematological alterations among agricultural workers occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides: a cross-sectional study in North India. PLoS One, 8(7), e69755.
6. Hanssen, V. M., Nigatu, A. W., Zeleke, Z. K., Moen, B. E., & Bråtveit, M. (2015). High prevalence of respiratory and dermal symptoms among Ethiopian flower farm workers. Archives of environmental & occupational health, 70(4), 204-213.
7. Hazra, D. K., Karmakar, R., & Raghubanshi, D (2017). Pesticide Exposure: Minimization through User & Environment Friendly New Generation Pesticide Formulations. International Journal of Crop Science and Technology, 3(1).
8. Hoppin, J. A., Umbach, D. M., London, S. J., Lynch, C. F., Alavanja, M. C., & Sandler, D. P. (2006). Pesticides and adult respiratory outcomes in the agricultural health study. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1076(1), 343-354.
9. Hutter, H.-P., & Moshammer, H. (2018). Pesticides Are an Occupational and Public Health Issue. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(8), 1650.
10. Jalilian, H., Neghab, M., Tatar, M., & Taheri, S. (2018). Respiratory and Dermal Symptoms and Raised Serum Concentrations of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress among Pesticide Retailers. Int J Occup Environ Med (The IJOEM), 9(4 October), 1417-194.
11. Kim, K.-H., Kabir, E., & Jahan, S. A. (2017). Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects. Science of The Total Environment, 575, 525 535. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.009
12. Kranawetvogl, A., Siegert, M., Eyer, F., Thiermann, H., & John, H. (2018). Verification of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning: Detection of phosphorylated tyrosines and a cysteine- proline disulfide-adduct from human serum albumin after intoxication with dimethoate/omethoate. Toxicology letters, 299,
11-20.
13. Lermen, J., Bernieri, T., Rodrigues, I. S., Suyenaga, E. S., & Ardenghi, P. G. (2018). Pesticide exposure and health conditions among orange growers in Southern Brazil. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 53(4), 215-221.
14. Milhome, M. A., de Lima, L. K., de A. Nobre, C., de AF Lima, F., & do Nascimento, R. F. (2018). Effect of ozonization in degradation of trifluralin residues in aqueous and food matrices. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 1-7.
15. Negatu, B., Kromhout, H., Mekonnen, Y., & Vermeulen, R. (2017). Occupational pesticide exposure and respiratory health: a large-scale cross-sectional study in three commercial farming systems in Ethiopia. Thorax, 72(6), 498-499.
16. Neghab, M., Soleimani, E., & Darvish, M. (2016). Pulmonotoxicity in Response to Occupational Exposure to a Mixture of Pesticides. Expert Opinion on Environmental Biology, 2015.
17. Nordgren, T. M., & Charavaryamath, C. (2018). Agriculture occupational exposures and factors affecting health effects. Current allergy and asthma reports, 18(12), 65.
18. Priyadharshini, U. K., Latha, R., Kavitha, U., & Nirmala, N. (2017). Effects of Organophosphorus Pesticides on Cardiorespiratory Parameters among the Farmers. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 11(9), CC01.
19. Quansah, R., Bend, J. R., Abdul-Rahaman, A., Armah, F. A., Luginaah, I., Essumang, D. K., ... & Adu-Kumi, S. (2016). Associations between pesticide use and respiratory symptoms: a cross- sectional study in Southern Ghana. Environmental research, 150, 245-254.
20. Raherison, C., Baldi, I., Pouquet, M., Berteaud, E., Moesch, C., Bouvier, G., & Canal-Raffin, M. (2019). Pesticides Exposure by Air in Vineyard Rural Area and Respiratory Health in Children: A pilot study. Environmental research, 169, 189-195.
21. Rippy, M. A., Deletic, A., Black, J., Aryal, R., Lampard, J. L., Tang, J. Y. M., ... & Gernjak, W. (2017). Pesticide occurrence and spatio-temporal variability in urban run-off across Australia. Water research, 115, 245-255.
22. Roberts, S. M., James, R. C., & Williams, P. L. (2014). Principles of toxicology: environmental and industrial applications. John Wiley & Sons.
23. Schyllert, C., Andersson, M., Hedman, L., Ekström, M., Backman, H., Lindberg, A., & Rönmark, E. (2018). Job titles classified into socioeconomic and occupational groups identify subjects with increased risk for respiratory symptoms independent of occupational exposure to vapour, gas, dust, or fumes. European clinical respiratory journal, 5(1), 1468715.
24. Suarez-Lopez, J. R., Butcher, C. R., Gahagan, S., Checkoway, H., Alexander, B. H., & Al- Delaimy, W. K. (2018). Acetylcholinesterase activity and time after a peak pesticide-use period among Ecuadorian children. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 91(2), 175-184.
25. Sun, S., Hu, R., Zhang, C., & Shi, G. (2019). Do farmers misuse pesticides in crop production in China? Evidence from a farm household survey. Pest management science.
26. Tian, D., Mao, H., Lv, H., Zheng, Y., Peng, C., & Hou, S. (2018). Novel two tiered approach of ecological risk assessment for pesticide mixtures based on joint effects. Chemosphere, 192, 362- 371.
27. Vašíčková, J., Hvězdová, M., Kosubová, P., & Hofman, J. (2019). Ecological risk assessment of pesticide residues in arable soils of the Czech Republic. Chemosphere, 216, 479-487.
28. Zhang, C., Sun, Y., Hu, R., Huang, J., Huang, X., Li, Y., ... & Chen, Z. (2018). A comparison of the effects of agricultural pesticide uses on peripheral nerve conduction in China. Scientific reports, 8(1), 9621
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Allied Health and Pharmacy

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
cc BY



